For some objectives, there is no obvious attribute or set of attributes to measure the level of achievement directly. In such a case, a proxy scale can be used. A proxy scale measures the attainment of its associated objectives indirectly. It reflects only the degree to which an associated objective is met. The proxy attributes provide the base for generating proxy-scale criterion maps. A proxy attribute may be related to the corresponding objective as a cause, a consequence, or an otherwise partial and falible indicator of its attainment. An example of a proxy attribute that is the cause of attainment of the associated objective is ambulance response time, used as a proxy for the objective “minimize probability of death on arrival.”
Malczewski 1999, p.115
Measurement Scale
2008-06-06T00:00:00Z ^^ http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
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