One of the most ubiquitous spatial decision problems is concerned with selecting a set of landscape features, or allocating uses or effort among landscape features, to meet some overall planning objective. Typical examples include selecting biogeographic elements with which to create a biodiversity reserve system, and allocating land uses among parcels for urban planning. The need for spatial computation within this class of problems ranges from none (selection depends only on attributes of a feature) to local neighborhood effects (there may be rules, for example, governing adjacency of parcel types in a zoning problem) to global (the spatial arrangements of all features in the solution is potentially significant).
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